Intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery: A review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives

Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has become an invaluable adjunct to vascular and oncological neurosurgery, reducing the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Several technologies have been developed during the last two decades, including laser-based techniques, videomicroscopy, intraoperative MRI, indocyanine green angiography, and thermography. Although these technologies have been thoroughly studied and clinically applied outside the operative room, current practice lacks an optimal technology that perfectly fits the workflow within the neurosurgical operative room. The different available technologies have specific strengths but suffer several drawbacks, mainly including limited spatial and/or temporal resolution. An optimal CBF monitoring technology should meet particular criteria for intraoperative use: excellent spatial and temporal resolution, integration in the operative workflow, real-time quantitative monitoring, ease of use, and non-contact technique. We here review the main contemporary technologies for intraoperative CBF monitoring and their current and potential future applications in neurosurgery.     

2~5掌指关节屈伸活动中关节面应力分布的有限元分析

目的　建立掌指关节三维有限元模型,分析掌指关节屈伸活动中掌指关节面应力分布情况。 方法　健康男性志愿者1名,对其右手掌指关节分别于0°、30°、60°、90°屈曲位进行CT扫描,利用扫描数据建立掌指关节三维有限元模型;于4个角度沿指骨径向分别施以10、20、30、40、50 N荷载,观察掌指关节应力分布,并对结果进行分析。 结果　4组不同弯曲角度的掌指关节网格模型节点数量、单元数量基本相同,每组模型约40070个节点,178903个四面体单元。相同载荷作用下,弯曲的角度越大,各掌指关节面的应力越大。在实现0°、30°、60°、90°屈曲过程中,2~5掌指关节掌骨头应力峰值变化范围分别为0.20~2.46、0.22~1.58、0.22~1.69、0.22~2.25 Mpa。 结论　掌指关节屈伸过程中,弯曲的角度越大,掌指关节面的接触应力越大,其应力分布范围亦增大。     

二齿钩钢板短期固定治疗骨骺未闭合青少年撕脱性骨折

目的　探讨二齿钩钢板短期固定治疗骨骺未闭合青少年撕脱性骨折效果。 方法　2012年1月~2016年11月,应用二齿钩钢板短期固定治疗骨骺未闭合青少年新鲜撕脱性骨折22例,其中男13例,女9例;年龄10~15岁,平均13.0岁;骨折类型（Salter-Harris分类）：I型8例,II型10例,III型3例,IV型1例;骨折部位：尺骨鹰嘴6例,肱骨内上髁4例,肱骨外上髁4例,肱骨大结节2例,外踝4例,内踝2例。术后均早期康复活动。骨愈合后及时取出内固定物。所有患者获12~28个月（平均18.2个月）随访。按DASH上肢功能调查表和Kaikkonen踝关节损伤功能评分,评价患肢功能恢复情况。 结果　切口均I期愈合,无血管神经损伤和感染。骨折均顺利愈合,未见移位和延迟愈合,无内固定松动或断裂。末次随访,患肢关节功能恢复优良率100%,无关节不稳,无明显骨骼发育畸形和创伤性关节炎。 结论　二齿钩钢板短期固定对骨骺或骺板无继发性、医源性损伤,是骨骺未闭合青少年撕脱性骨折较好的内固定方法,需注意勿过度加压和控制固定时间。     

Hydrogen sulfide serves as a biomarker in the anterior segment of patients with diabetic retinopathy

International Ophthalmology - The present study aims to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations of the aqueous humor from patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) to compare its levels in...     

图像视觉诱发电位自律空间频率刺激疗法治疗儿童弱视的疗效

目的：比较图像视觉诱发电位自律空间频率刺激疗法(PVEP-CD综合疗法)与传统疗法治疗儿童弱视的临床效果,评价PVEP-CD综合疗法治疗儿童弱视的疗效。

方法：收集2018-04/2019-01于我院确诊的弱视儿童38例54眼,随机分为传统综合疗法组(19例27眼,运用屈光矫正+遮盖/压抑+精细目力训练治疗)和PVEP-CD综合疗法组(19例27眼,运用屈光矫正+遮盖/压抑+PVEP-CD治疗)。分别于治疗前和治疗6mo后进行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和近立体视锐度检测,评估临床疗效。

结果：治疗6mo后,两组患儿弱视眼BCVA(有效率均≥85%)均明显改善,且PVEP-CD综合疗法组弱视眼BCVA提高行数\〖3(2,3)行\〗、双眼近立体视锐度改善有效率(89%)及提高等级\〖2(1,4)级\〗均高于传统综合疗法组(均P<0.05); ≥6周岁患儿中,PVEP-CD综合疗法组弱视眼BCVA提高行数显著高于传统综合疗法组(P=0.018); 轻度弱视患儿中,PVEP-CD综合疗法组近立体视锐度改善有效率(P=0.048)及提高等级(P=0.029)均显著优于传统综合疗法组; 中度弱视患儿中,PVEP-CD综合疗法组弱视眼BCVA提高行数显著高于传统综合疗法组(P=0.003)。

结论：PVEP-CD综合疗法与传统疗法均可有效提高BCVA,临床疗效显著; 与传统综合疗法相比,PVEP-CD综合疗法能较大幅度提高BCVA和近立体视锐度等级,更有效地促进弱视儿童双眼视功能恢复。     

关节镜单隧道悬吊固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下单隧道悬吊固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的方法和临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年1月间27例膝关节前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,男19例,女8例,年龄平均(28±8)岁,排除骨质疏松、病理性骨折等。骨折按Meyers-Mckeever分型,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型14例,Ⅳ型4例。本组患者均采用关节镜下单隧道缝线环绕固定方法治疗。定期复查X片观察骨折愈合情况,Lysholm评分系统评价膝关节功能,疼痛采用视觉模拟法(VAS)进行评定;主观因素包括肿胀、关节稳定性及参加工作满意度;记录并发症。术前术后评分比较采用配对样本t检验。 结果术后随访平均(18±6)个月。骨折均在3个月内愈合,无感染、内固定松动等并发症。27例患者膝关节功能恢复正常,26例患者末次随访Lachman试验及前抽屉试验均阴性,1例患者随访体检时膝关节Ⅱ°松弛,自诉无腿软不稳现象。视觉模拟VAS评分平均为(1.0±0.6)分。术前膝关节Lysholm评分(42±9),末次随访膝关节Lysholm评分(90±6),差异有统计学意义(t ＝22.365,P <0.01)。主观评价所有患者日常生活无明显影响。 结论关节镜下单隧道悬吊固定缝线技术治疗前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折,手术操作创伤小,简单方便,骨折复位固定牢靠,术后功能恢复快,是一种较理想的手术方法。     

Comparison of pre-injury recalled Health Status (HS) data of trauma patients and HS of the general population

PurposeSignificant differences exist between retrospectively collected pre-injury Health Status (HS) of trauma patients and the HS of the general population. Compared to the general population, the trauma population includes a larger proportion of individuals with a low level of socio-economic status. The aim was to compare retrospectively collected pre-injury HS with HS of a sample of Dutch individuals not only adjusted for age and gender, but also for educational level.MethodsWithin three months post-trauma, pre-injury HS (n = 2987) was collected by using the EuroQol-five-dimension-3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Data were abstracted from the Brabant Injury Outcome Surveillance. The reference cohort (n = 1839) included a sample of the Dutch general population. Multiple regression was used to compare HS of both cohorts.ResultsA higher recalled pre-injury EQ-5D-3L score of the injury cohort was reported compared to the HS of the reference cohort after adjustment for age (β = 0.014 [95% CI: 0.001,0.027] for males and β = 0.018 [95% CI: −0.001, 0.036] for females). After adjustment for age and educational level, the Beta showed a ≥10% increasement: males; unadjusted β = 0.006 [95% CI: −0.007, 0.019] to β = 0.014 [95% CI: 0.001, 0.027] after age adjustment to β = 0.020 [95% CI: 0.007, 0.033] after adjustment for age and educational level, females; unadjusted β = −0.018 [95% CI: −0.035, −0.001] to β = 0.018 [95% CI: −0.001, 0.036] after age adjustments to β = 0.025 [95% CI: 0.007, 0.043] after adjustments for age and educational level. After adjustment for age, gender and educational level, the injury cohort reported prior to the trauma less problems on the ‘pain/discomfort’ (OR = 0.522 [95% CI: 0.454, 0.602]) and the ‘anxiety/depression’ (OR = 0.745 [95% CI: 0.619, 0.897]) dimensions, as compared to the reference cohort. In contrast, the injury cohort reported significantly more problems on the ‘self-care’ dimension (OR = 1.497 [95% CI: 0.1.112, 2.016]) prior to the trauma.ConclusionsInjured patients report better recalled pre-injury HS compared to the HS of the reference cohort. After adjustment for educational level, the difference in HS between the injury cohort and the reference cohort increases, underlining that other confounders might also influence HS.     

接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复指端缺损的方法和临床疗效。方法2008年8月-2011年8月．采用接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣修复2～5指指端缺损6例,其中食指2例,中指1例。环指2例,小指1例,皮瓣切取面积最大22mm×20mm,最小10mm×9mm。结果6例6指皮瓣全部成活．术后经6～24个月随访,平均13个月,皮瓣外观及手指功能恢复满意,感觉恢复S3,皮瓣两点辨别觉6～9mm,平均7．6mm,供区无并发症。结论接合两侧指背神经的指动脉终末背侧皮支皮瓣具有血供可靠．不破坏重要血管,且有可供接合的神经,操作简便等优点,是修复手指指端缺损较为理想的方法。     

CT数字重建技术测量经骶椎后方骶髂关节螺钉固定应用解剖参数

目的 测量经骶椎后方骶髂关节螺钉（sacroiliac screw passing the back of sacrum,SISPTBOS）固定的相关解剖参数,为临床应用提供依据。 方法 分析32例骨盆正常的成人三维CT重建图像,观察SISPTBOS钉道范围,采用CT数字重建技术模拟植入SISPTBOS,测量钉道有关解剖参数,包括钉道长度（L）、进针点与S1上关节中央的距离（M1）、出针点与髋臼后上缘的距离（M2）、前倾角（e）、外倾角（f）、矢状面安全角（a）、冠状面安全角（b）、矢状面钉道最小直径（d1）和冠状面钉道最小直径（d2）。 结果 钉道内侧壁为弓状线,外侧壁为椎管后外侧壁和髂骨外层,下壁为S1骶孔与坐骨切迹的连线,上壁为骶骨翼斜坡、骶髂关节表面和大骨盆底部。L为（11.90±1.62） cm,M1为（2.07±1.40） mm,M2为（4.78±2.57） mm,e为（57.97±4.28）°,f为（54.89±5.13）°,a为（11.45±2.73）°,b为（7.46±1.34）°,d1为（8.57 ± 0.99）mm,d2为（6.75±0.84） mm。男女比较,仅e和f存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。 结论 可选择直径5.0~6.0 mm、长度9~10 cm螺钉作为SISPTBOS固定。该通道植入螺钉可行,较为安全。